CI/CD 持续集成与部署

字数统计：约 9000 字
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面试重要度：⭐⭐⭐⭐

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目录

1. CI/CD 简介
2. GitHub Actions
3. GitLab CI
4. Firebase App Distribution
5. 自动化发布
6. 面试考点

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1. CI/CD 简介

1.1 什么是 CI/CD

CI (Continuous Integration) 持续集成：
- 自动构建
- 自动测试
- 代码质量检查

CD (Continuous Delivery/Deployment) 持续交付/部署：
- 自动打包
- 自动发布
- 自动部署

1.2 工作流程

代码提交 → 触发构建 → 运行测试 → 代码检查 → 打包 → 发布

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2. GitHub Actions

2.1 基础配置

# .github/workflows/android.yml
name: Android CI

on:
  push:
    branches: [ main ]
  pull_request:
    branches: [ main ]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    
    - name: Set up JDK 17
      uses: actions/setup-java@v3
      with:
        java-version: '17'
        distribution: 'temurin'
    
    - name: Grant execute permission
      run: chmod +x gradlew
    
    - name: Build
      run: ./gradlew build
    
    - name: Run tests
      run: ./gradlew test
    
    - name: Upload APK
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      with:
        name: app-debug
        path: app/build/outputs/apk/debug/

2.2 带测试的 CI

name: Android CI with Tests

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
    
    - name: Set up JDK
      uses: actions/setup-java@v3
      with:
        java-version: '17'
    
    - name: Unit Tests
      run: ./gradlew test
    
    - name: Upload test results
      uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
      if: always()
      with:
        name: test-results
        path: '**/build/test-results/'

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3. GitLab CI

3.1 基础配置

# .gitlab-ci.yml
stages:
  - build
  - test
  - deploy

build:
  stage: build
  image: openjdk:17
  script:
    - ./gradlew assembleDebug
  artifacts:
    paths:
      - app/build/outputs/apk/debug/

test:
  stage: test
  image: openjdk:17
  script:
    - ./gradlew test

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4. Firebase App Distribution

4.1 配置

// app/build.gradle.kts
plugins {
    id("com.google.firebase.appdistribution")
}

firebaseAppDistribution {
    appId = "your-app-id"
    serviceCredentialsFile = "service-account.json"
    groups = "testers"
    releaseNotesFile = "release-notes.txt"
}

4.2 发布命令

./gradlew appDistributionUploadDebug

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5. 自动化发布

5.1 Google Play 发布

// 使用 Gradle Play Publisher
plugins {
    id("com.github.triplet.play") version "3.8.0"
}

play {
    serviceAccountCredentials.set(file("play-key.json"))
    track.set("internal")
}

5.2 版本管理

// 自动版本号
fun getVersionCode(): Int {
    val base = 10000
    val major = 1
    val minor = 0
    val patch = 0
    return base + major * 100 + minor * 10 + patch
}

fun getVersionName(): String {
    return "1.0.0"
}

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6. 面试考点

Q1: 什么是 CI/CD？

• 持续集成/持续部署
• 自动构建、测试、发布

Q2: 常用 CI 工具？

• GitHub Actions
• GitLab CI
• Jenkins
• CircleCI

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本文完